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Non-Usage Costs

Refer to expenses incurred for cloud resources, software licenses, or infrastructure that are paid for but remain idle, underutilized, or entirely unused.

Introduction

In the dynamic landscape of cloud computing and Saas ecosystems, businesses often focus on direct costs for services they actively use—but overlook expenses tied to idle or underutilized  resources. Non-usage costs arise from paying for interactive cloud instances, unassigned software licenses, or overprovisioned storage. These hidden expenses thrive in complex, rapidly scaling environments where visibility into utilization gaps is limited, leading to wasted budgets on redundant subscriptions, forgotten reserved capacity, or legacy infrastructure.

The significant risks of ignoring non-usage costs include more than just financial waste. Ignoring them exposes operational inefficiencies such as poor forecasting and governance, which stifle agility and divert funds from innovation. For businesses prioritizing growth, addressing these costs is critical, because this ensures that every dollar spent aligns with strategic goals.

What are Non-Usage Costs?

Non-usage costs refer to expenses incurred for cloud resources, software licenses, or infrastructure that are paid for but remain idle, underutilized, or entirely unused. These costs arise when organizations fail to align their spending with actual consumption, often due to:

  • Overprovisioning. 
  • Poor visibility into usage patterns.
  • Rigid contractual commitments. 

Common examples of these include: 

  • Reserved cloud instances (e.g., AWS Reserved Instances or Azure Savings Plans) that go underutilized.
  • Idle virtual machines (VMs) running without workloads.
  • Unattached storage volumes or unused SaaS licenses (e.g., unused seats in Microsoft 365 or Salesforce subscriptions).
  • Penalties from unmet minimum commitments in vendor contracts contribute to non-usage costs as businesses pay for resources they no longer need but cannot easily cancel.

Common Causes of Non-Usage Costs

Non-usage costs occur when organizations pay for resources they don’t actively use. This often results from inefficiencies in planning, governance, or oversight. Below are some of the most common examples:

Overprovisioning Resources

Organizations often overestimate their resource needs to avoid performance issues, leading to overprovisioned resources. For example:

  • Reserved Instances: Prepaid cloud capacity that goes unused due to changing workloads.
  • Oversized Storage/Compute: Allocating more storage or compute power  than required “just in case”, which remains idle.

Lack of Visibility and Monitoring

Without real-time usage tracking, teams struggle to identify idle resources. Common examples include:

  • Orphaned Resources: Unattached storage volumes, unused snapshots, or abandoned test environments.
  • Unmonitored SaaS Licenses: Paying for unused software seats after employee turnover or project cancellations.

Poor Governance and Automation

Manual processes and decentralized decision-making lead to waste, such as:

  • No Auto-Scaling: Failure to automatically scale down resources during off-peak hours.
  • Shadow IT: Teams independently provisioning resources without centralized oversight.

Contractual Commitments

Rigid vendor agreements lock businesses into paying for unused services, including:

  • Minimum Spend Contracts: Penalties for not meeting committed usage thresholds (common in cloud and SaaS agreements).
  • Long-Term Licenses: Annual software subscriptions that go unused due to shifting priorities.

Ineffective Forecasting

Inaccurate demand predictions can result in misaligned resource allocation, such as:

  • Seasonal Workloads: Overbuying capacity for temporary spikes that never materialize.
  • Legacy Systems: Maintaining outdated infrastructure due to fear of migration risks.

Collectively, these factors create a cycle of waste. Recent studies indicate that the majority of organizations cite wasted cloud spend as a significant challenge, with idle resources and overprovisioning as top contributors. If left unresolved, non-usage costs can erode budget, reduce ROI, and delay innovation

How to Identify and Reduce Non-Usage Costs

Non-usage costs silently drain budgets, but with proactive strategies, businesses can reclaim wasted spending and improve their bottom line. Here’s a structured approach to identify and reduce these hidden expenses:

Phase 1: Identify Non-Usage Costs

This phase focuses on uncovering the sources of wasted spending. It requires a combination of automated monitoring and manual review.

  1. Monitor Resource Utilization: Implement continuous monitoring using cloud-native tools (e.g., AWS Cost Explorer, Azure Cost Management + Advisor, Google Cloud Billing) or third-party cost optimization platforms (e.g., Octo). Focus on identifying the following:
  • Underutilized Virtual Machines (VMs): Identify VMs with consistently low CPU and memory utilization (e.g., <10% CPU utilization for extended periods). Consider setting utilization thresholds based on your specific application requirements. Low utilization often indicates overprovisioning or unnecessary instances.
  • Unattached Storage Volumes and Forgotten Snapshots: Regularly audit storage to identify unattached volumes and unused snapshots that consume storage costs. Establish retention policies to automatically delete old snapshots.
  • Unused SaaS Licenses: Regularly review SaaS licenses (e.g., Salesforce, Microsoft 365, Slack) to identify unused seats. Automate license provisioning and de-provisioning based on employee changes and project completion. Consider using license management tools to gain better visibility.
  • Idle Databases: Many organizations have databases running with minimal activity. Analyze database usage patterns and consider right-sizing or consolidating databases to reduce costs.
  1. Audit Reserved Instances: Regularly review your reserved instance (RI) or committed use discount (CUD) purchases (e.g., AWS Reserved Instances, Azure Reserved VM Instances, Google Committed Use Discounts) to ensure they align with current workloads. If utilization is consistently low, consider modifying or letting them expire rather than renewing.
  2.  Review Contracts: Scrutinize all vendor contracts (cloud providers, SaaS vendors) for minimum spend commitments, penalties for early termination, or other clauses that may lead to non-usage costs. Negotiate contract terms to align with actual needs, or explore alternative providers offering more flexible pricing models.

Phase 2: Reduce Non-Usage Costs

This phase focuses on implementing cost-saving measures based on the findings from Phase 1.

1. Automate Optimization:

  • Auto-Scaling: Implement auto-scaling to dynamically adjust resources (VMs, storage, databases) based on real-time demand. This ensures you only pay for the resources you actively need.
  • Scheduled Shutdowns: Schedule automatic shutdowns for non-critical environments (development, testing) during off-peak hours (nights, weekends).
  • Resource Right-Sizing: Regularly review and right-size resources (VMs, databases, storage) to match actual needs. Downgrading to smaller instances or storage tiers can significantly reduce costs.

2. Terminate Idle Assets: Proactively delete or decommission unused resources, such as abandoned test environments, unattached disks, or outdated software installations.

3. Renegotiate Contracts: Explore opportunities to renegotiate contracts with vendors to move away from rigid minimum spend commitments towards more flexible, pay-as-you-go models.

4. Reclaim SaaS Licenses: Implement a system for regularly reviewing and reclaiming unused SaaS licenses. Automate license removal for inactive users and adjust subscription tiers to match actual usage.

5. Implement Tagging and Cost Allocation: Implement a strong tagging strategy to categorize your resources and accurately allocate costs across different departments, projects, or cost centers. This improves visibility and accountability for resource consumption.

By following these steps, businesses can significantly reduce non-usage costs, freeing up budget for more strategic initiatives. Remember that continuous monitoring and proactive optimization are key to long-term cost savings.

The Role of Cloud Cost Management Solutions

Cloud cost management solutions tackle non-usage costs by providing visibility into idle resources (e.g., underutilized VMs, unattached storage) and unused SaaS licenses through real-time monitoring and dashboards. They automate optimization via auto-scaling, scheduled shutdowns, and termination policies to eliminate waste, while analyzing reserved instances and vendor commitments to align prepaid resources with actual usage. 

These tools also reclaim inactive SaaS seats, enforce governance policies, and leverage AI-driven forecasting to prevent overprovisioning. By addressing inefficiencies, they reduce non-usage costs—which account for 30%+ of cloud spend—freeing budgets for innovation and improving financial accountability.

Optimize Non-Usage Costs with Octo

Non-usage costs are a persistent drain on cloud and SaaS budgets, but they don’t have to be. With Octo, businesses can have a tool that helps them  identify idle resources, optimize reserved instances, and reclaim wasted SaaS licenses—turning hidden inefficiencies into measurable savings. By leveraging real-time monitoring, AI-driven insights, and proactive governance, Octo reduces wasteful spending—freeing funds for innovation and growth.

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